（一）化学实验室家具实验室安全知识

在实验室中，经常与毒性很强、有腐蚀性、易燃烧和具有爆炸性的化学药品直接接触，常常使用易碎的玻璃和瓷质器皿以及在煤气、水、电等高温电热设备的环境下进行着紧张而细致的工作，因此，必须十分重视安全工作。

1．进入实验室开始工作前应了解煤气总阀门、水阀门及电闸所在处。离开实验室时，一定要将室内检查一遍，应将水、电、煤气的开关关好，门窗锁好。

2、SHIYONGMEIQIDENGSHI，YINGXIANJIANGHUOCHAIDIANRAN，YISHOUZHIHUOCHAIJINKAOJINDENGKOU，YISHOUMANKAIMEIQIMEN。BUNENGXIANKAIMEIQIMEN，HOURANHUOCHAI。DENGYANDAXIAOHEHUOLIQIANGRUO，YINGGENJUSHIYANDEXUYAOLAIDIAOJIE。YONGHUOSHI，YINGZUODAOHUOZHERENZAI，RENZOUHUOMIE。

3．SHIYONGDIANQISHEBEI（RUHONGXIANG、HENGWENSHUIYU、LIXINJI、DIANLUDENG）SHI，YANFANGCHUDIAN；JUEBUKEYONGSHISHOUHUOZAIYANJINGPANGSHISHIKAIGUANDIANZHAHEDIANQIKAIGUAN。YINGGAIYONGSHIDIANBIJIANCHADIANQISHEBEISHIFOULOUDIAN，FANSHILOUDIANDEYIQI，YILVBUNENGSHIYONG。

4．SHIYONGNONGSUAN、NONGJIAN，BIXUJIWEIXIAOXINDICAOZUO，FANGZHIJIANCHU。YONGYIYEGUANLIANGQUZHEIXIESHIJISHI，BIXUSHIYONGXIANGPIQIU，JUEDUIBUNENGYONGKOUXIQU。RUOBUSHENJIANZAISHIYANTAISHANGHUODIMIAN，BIXUJISHIYONGSHIMOBUCAXIGANJING。RUGUOCHUJIPIFUYINGLIJIZHILIAO。

5．SHIYONGKERANWU，TEBIESHIYIRANWU（RUYIMI、BINGTONG、YICHUN、BEN、JINSHUNADENG）SHI，YINGTEBIEXIAOXIN。BUYAODALIANGFANGZAIZHUOSHANG，GENGBUYAOZAIKAOJINHUOYANCHU。ZHIYOUZAIYUANLIHUOYUANSHI，HUOJIANGHUOYANXIMIEHOU，CAIKEDALIANGQINGDAOYIRANYETI。DIFEIDIANDEYOUJIRONGJIBUZHUNZAIHUOSHANGZHIJIEJIARE，ZHINENGZAISHUIYUSHANGLIYONGHUILIULENGNINGGUANJIAREHUOZHENGLIU。

华夏棋牌6．RUGUOBUSHENQINGCHULEXIANGDANGLIANGDEYIRANYETI，ZEYINGANXIAFACHULI：

华夏棋牌（1）LIJIGUANBISHINEISUOYOUDEHUOYUANHEDIANJIAREQI。

华夏棋牌（2）GUANMEN，KAIQIXIAOCHUANGJICHUANGHU。

（3）YONGMAOJINHUOMOBUCASHISACHUDEYETI，BINGJIANGYETININGDAODADERONGQIZHONG，RANHOUZAIDAORUDAISAIDEBOLIPINGZHONG。

华夏棋牌7．YONGYOUYUCAOZUOSHI，YINGXIAOXINJIARE，BUDUANYONGWENDUJICELIANG，BUYAOSHIWENDUCHAOGUOYOUDERANSHAOWENDU。

8．YIRANHEYIBAOZHAWUZHIDECANZHA（RUJINSHUNA、BAILIN、HUOCHAITOU）BUDEDAORUWUWUTONGHUOSHUICAOZHONG，YINGSHOUJIZAIZHIDINGDERONGQINEI。

华夏棋牌9．FEIYE，TEBIESHIQIANGSUANHEQIANGJIANBUNENGZHIJIEDAOZAISHUICAOZHONG，YINGXIANXISHI，RANHOUDAORUSHUICAO，ZAIYONGDALIANGZILAISHUICHONGXISHUICAOJIXIASHUIDAO。

10．毒物应按实验室的规定办理审批手续后领取，使用时严格操作，用后妥善处理。

（二）化学实验室家具实验室灭火法

华夏棋牌SHIYANZHONGYIDANFASHENGLEHUOZAIQIEBUKEJINGHUANGSHICUO，YINGBAOCHIZHENJING。SHOUXIANLIJIQIEDUANSHINEIYIQIEHUOYUANHEDIANYUAN。RANHOUGENJUJUTIQINGKUANGZHENGQUEDIJINXINGQIANGJIUHEMIEHUO。CHANGYONGDEFANGFAYOU：

1．ZAIKERANYETIRANZHESHI，YINGLIJINAKAIZHEHUOQUYUNEIDEYIQIEKERANWUZHI，GUANBITONGFENGQI，FANGZHIKUODARANSHAO。RUOZHEHUOMIANJIJIAOXIAO，KEYONGMOBU、SHIBU、TIEPIANHUOSHATUFUGAI，GEJUEKONGQISHIZHIXIMIE。DANFUGAISHIYAOQING，BIMIANPENGHUAIHUODAFANSHENGYOUYIRANRONGJIDEBOLIQIMIN，DAOZHIGENGDUODERONGJILIUCHUERZAIZHEHUO。

2．JIUJINGJITAKERONGYUSHUIDEYETIZHEHUOSHI，KEYONGSHUIMIEHUO。

华夏棋牌3．QIYOU、YIMI、JIABENDENGYOUJIRONGJIZHEHUOSHI，YINGYONGSHIMIANBUHUOSHATUPUMIE。JUEDUIBUNENGYONGSHUI，FOUZEFANERHUIKUODARANSHAOMIANJI。

4．JINSHUNAZHEHUOSHI，KEBASHAZIDAOZAITADESHANGMIAN。

5．DAOXIANZHEHUOSHIBUNENGYONGSHUIJIERYANGHUATANMIEHUOQI，YINGQIEDUANDIANYUANHUOYONGSILVHUATANMIEHUOQI。

（三）化学实验室家具实验室急救

ZAISHIYANGUOCHENGZHONGBUSHENFASHENGSHOUSHANGSHIGU，YINGLIJICAIQUSHIDANGDEJIJIUCUOSHI。

1．SHOUBOLIGESHANGJIQITAJIXIESUNSHANG：SHOUXIANBIXUJIANCHASHANGKOUNEIYOUWUBOLIHUOJINSHUDENGWUSUIPIAN，RANHOUYONGPENGSUANSHUIXIJING，ZAICADIANJIUHUOZIYAOSHUI，BIYAOSHIYONGSHABUBAOZHA。RUOSHANGKOUJIAODAHUOGUOSHENERDALIANGCHUXUE，YINGXUNSUZAISHANGKOUSHANGBUHEXIABUZHAJINXUEGUANZHIXUE，LIJIDAOYIYUANZHENZHI。

2．TANGSHANG：YIBANYONGNONGDE（90％～95％）JIUJINGXIAODUHOU，TUSHANGKUWEISUANRUANGAO。RUGUOSHANGCHUHONGTONGHUOHONGZHONG（YIJIZHUOSHANG），KEYONGGANLANYOUHUOYONGMIANHUAZHANJIUJINGFUGAISHANGCHU；RUOPIFUQIPAO（ERJIZHUOSHANG），BUYAONONGPOSHUIPAO，FANGZHIGANRAN；GESHANGCHUPIFUCHENGZONGSEHUOHEISE（SANJIZHUOSHANG），YINGYONGGANZAOERWUJUNDEXIAODUSHABUQINGQINGBAOZHAHAO，JISONGYIYUANZHILIAO。

3．QIANGJIAN（RUQINGYANGHUANA，QINGYANGHUAJIA）、NA、JIADENGCHUJIPIFUERYINQIZHUOSHANGSHI，YAOXIANYONGDALIANGZI

华夏棋牌LAISHUICHONGXI，ZAIYONG5％YISUANRONGYEHUO2％YISUANRONGYETUXI。

华夏棋牌4．QIANGSUAN、XIUDENGCHUJIPIFUERZHIZHUOSHANGSHI，YINGLIJIYONGDALIANGZILAISHUICHONGXI，ZAIYI5％TANSUANQINGNARONGYEHUO5％QINGYANGHUAANRONGYEXIDI。

5．RUFENCHUJIPIFUYINQIZHUOSHANG，YINGGAIYONGDALIANGDESHUIQINGXI，BINGYONGFEIZAOHESHUIXIDI，JIYONGYICHUN。

6．RUOMEIQIZHONGDUSHI，YINGDAOSHIWAIHUXIXINXIANKONGQI，RUOYANZHONGSHIYINGLIJIDAOYIYUANZHENZHI。

华夏棋牌7．SHUIYINRONGYIYOUHUXIDAOJINRURENTI，YEKEYIJINGPIFUZHIJIEXISHOUERYINQIJILEIXINGZHONGDU。YANZHONGZHONGDUDEZHENGXIANGSHIKOUZHONGYOUJINSHUQIWEI，HUCHUQITIYEYOUQIWEI；LIUTUOYE，YACHUANGJIZUICHUNSHANGYOULIUHUAGONGDEHEISE；LINBAXIANJITUOYEXIANZHONGDA。RUOBUSHENZHONGDUSHI，YINGSONGYIYUANJIJIU。JIXINGZHONGDUSHI，TONGCHANGYONGTANFENHUOOUTUJICHEDIXIWEI，HUOZHESHIRUDANBAI（RU1 SHENGNIUNAIJIA3 GEJIDANQING）HUOBIMAYOUJIEDUBINGSHIZHIOUTU。

华夏棋牌8．CHUDIAN：CHUDIANSHIKEANXIASHUFANGFAZHIYIQIEDUANDIANLU：

（1）GUANBIDIANYUAN；

华夏棋牌（2）YONGGANMUGUNSHIDAOXIANYUBEIHAIZHEFENKAI；

（3）SHIBEIHAIZHEHETUDIFENLI，JIJIUSHIJIJIUZHEBIXUZUOHAOFANGZHICHUDIANDEANQUANCUOSHI，SHOUHUOJIAOBIXUJUEYUAN。

（四）实验室常识

1． NUODONGGANJINGBOLIYIQISHI，WUSHISHOUZHIJIECHUYIQINEIBU。

华夏棋牌2．LIANGPINGSHILIANGQI，BUYAOYONGLIANGPINGZUOSHENGQI。DAIYOUMOKOUBOLISAIDELIANGPINGDENGYIQIDESAIZI，BUYAOGAICUO。DAIBOLISAIDEYIQIHEBOLIPINGDENG，RUGUOZANSHIBUSHIYONG，YAOYONGZHITIAOBAPINGSAIHEPINGKOUGEKAI。

3．XIJINGDEYIQIYAOFANGZAIJIASHANGHUOGANJINGSHABUSHANGLIANGGAN，BUNENGYONGMOBUCASHI；GENGBUNENGYONGMOBUCASHIYIQINEIBI。

华夏棋牌4．CHUWEISHENGWUSHIYANCAOZUOYAOQIUWAI，BUYAOYONGMIANHUADAITIXIANGPISAIHUOMUSAIDUPINGKOUHUOSHIGUANKOU。

华夏棋牌5．BUYAOYONGZHIPIANFUGAISHAOBEIHEZHUIXINGPINGDENG。

6．BUYAOYONGLVZHICHENGLIANGYAOPIN，GENGBUNENGYONGLVZHIZUOJILU。

7．BUYAOYONGSHILAFENGBIJINGXIYAOPINDEPINGKOU，YIMIANCHANHUN。

8．BIAOQIANZHIDEDAXIAOYINGYURONGQIXIANGCHENG，HUOYONGDAXIAOXIANGDANGDEBAIZHI，JUEDUIBUNENGYONGLVZHI。BIAOQIANSHANGYAOXIEMINGWUZHIDEMINGCHENG、GUIGEHENONGDU、PEIZHIDERIQIJIPEIZHIREN。BIAOQIANYINGTIEZAISHIJIPINGHUOSHAOBEIDE2／3CHU，SHIGUANDENGXIZHANGXINGRONGQIZETIEZAISHANGBU。

华夏棋牌9．SHIYONGQIANBIXIEBIAOJISHI，YAOZAIBOLIYIQIDEMOSHABOLICHU。RUYONGBOLILABIHUOSHUIBURONGXINGYOUQIBI，ZEXIEZAIBOLIRONGQIDEGUANGHUAMIANSHANG。

10．QUYONGSHIJIHEBIAOZHUNRONGYEHOU，XULIJIJIANGPINGSAIYAN，FANGHUIYUANCHU。QUCHUDESHIJIHEBIAOZHUNRONGYE，RUWEIYONGJIN，QIEWUDAOHUIPINGNEI，YIMIANDAIRUZAZHI。

华夏棋牌11．FANSHIFASHENGYANWU、YOUDUQITIHEYOUCHOUWEIQITIDESHIYAN，JUNYINGZAITONGFENGCHUNEIJINXING。CHUMENYINGJINBI，FEIBIYAOSHIBUNENGDAKAI

华夏棋牌（WU）BOLIYIQIDEXIDIJIGEZHONGXIYEDEPEIZHIFA

SHIYANZHONGSUOSHIYONGDEBOLIYIQIQINGJIEYUFOU，ZHIJIEYINGXIANGSHIYANJIEGUO，WANGWANGYOUYUYIQIDEBUQINGJIEHUOBEIWURANERZAOCHENGJIAODADESHIYANWUCHA，SHENZHIHUICHUXIANXIANGFANDESHIYANJIEGUO。YINCI，BOLIYIQIDEXIDIQINGJIEGONGZUOSHIFEICHANGZHONGYAODE。

1．CHUYONGBOLIYIQIDEQINGXI

华夏棋牌XINGOUMAIDEBOLIYIQIBIAOMIANCHANGFUZHEYOUYOULIDEJIANXINGWUZHI，KEXIANYONGXIDILINGXISHIYE、FEIZAOSHUIHUOQUWUFENDENGXISHUAZAIYONGZILAISHUIXIJING，RANHOUJINPAOZAI1％～2％YANSUANRONGYEZHONGGUOYE（BUSHAOYU4 XIAOSHI），ZAIYONGZILAISHUICHONGXI，ZUIHOUYONGZHENGLIUSHUICHONGXI2～3 CI，ZAI80～100℃HONGXIANGNEIKAOGANBEIYONG。

2．SHIYONGGUODEBOLIYIQIDEQINGXI

（1）YIBANBOLIYIQI：RUSHIGUAN、SHAOBEI、ZHUIXINGPINGDENG（BAOKUOLIANGTONG），XIANYONGZILAISHUIXISHUAZHIWUWUWU；ZAIXUANYONGDAXIAOHESHIDEMAOSHUAZHANQUXIDILINGXISHIYEHUOJINRUXIDILINGXISHIYENEI，JIANGQIMINNEIWAI（TEBIESHINEIBI）XIXINSHUAXI，YONGZILAISHUICHONGXIGANJINGHOU，ZHENGLIUSHUICHONGXI2～3 CI，KAOGANHUODAOZHIZAIQINGJIECHU，GANHOUBEIYONG。FANXIJINGDEBOLIQIMIN，BUYINGZAIQIBISHANGDAIYOUSHUIZHU，FOUZEBIAOSHISHANGWEIXIGANJING，YINGZAIANSHANGSHUFANGFAZHONGXINXIDI。RUOFAXIANNEIBIYOUNANYIQUDIAODEWUJI，YINGFENBIESHIYONGXIASHUGEZHONGXIDIJIYUYIQINGCHU，ZAIZHONGXINCHONGXI。

（2）LIANGQI：RUYIYEGUAN、DIDINGGUAN、LIANGPINGDENG。SHIYONGHOUYINGLIJIJINPAOYULIANGSHUIZHONG，WUSHIWUZHIGANHE。GONGZUOWANBIHOUYONGLIUSHUICHONGXI，QUFUZHEDESHIJI、DANBAIZHIDENGWUZHI，LIANGGANHOUJINPAOZAIGESUANXIYEZHONG4～6 XIAOSHI（HUOGUOYE），ZAIYONGZILAISHUICHONGFENCHONGXI、ZUIHOUYONGSHUICHONGXI2～4 CI，FENGGANBEIYONG。

（3）QITA：JUYOUCHUANRANXINGYANGPINDERONGQI，RUBINGDU、CHUANRANBINGHUANZHEDEXUEQINGDENGZHANWUGUODERONGQI，

YINGXIANJINXINGGAOYA（HUOQITAFANGFA）XIAODUHOUZAIJINXINGQINGXI。SHENGGUOGEZHONGYOUDUYAOPIN，TEBIESHIJUDUYAOPINHEFANGSHEXINGTONGWEISUDENGWUZHIDERONGQI，BIXUJINGGUOZHUANMENCHULI，QUEZHIMEIYOUCANYUDUWUCUNZAIFANGKEJINXINGQINGXI。

华夏棋牌3．XIDIYEDEZHONGLEIHEPEIZHIFANGFA

华夏棋牌（1）GESUANXIYE（ZHONGGESUANJIA-LIUSUANXIYE，JIANCHENGWEIXIYE）GUANGFANYONGYUBOLIYIQIDEXIDI。CHANGYONGDEPEIZHIFANGFAYOUXIASHUSIZHONG：

① QU100mL GONGYENONGLIUSUANZHIYUSHAOBEINEI，XIAOXINJIARE，RANHOUXIAOXINMANMANJIARU5g ZHONGGESUANJIAFENMO，BIANJIABIANJIAOBAN，DAIQUANBURONGJIEHOULENGQUE，ZHUYUJUBOLISAIDEXIKOUPINGNEI。

② CHENGQU5g ZHONGGESUANJIAFENMOZHIYU250mL SHAOBEIZHONG，JIASHUI5mL，JINLIANGSHIQIRONGJIE。MANMANJIARUNONGLIUSUAN100mL，SUIJIASUIJIAOBAN。LENGQUEHOUZHUCUNBEIYONG。

华夏棋牌③ CHENGQU80g ZHONGGESUANJIA，RONGYU1000mL ZILAISHUIZHONG，MANMANJIARUGONGYELIUSUAN100mL（BIANJIABIANYONGBOLIBANGJIAODONG）。

华夏棋牌④ CHENGQU200g ZHONGGESUANJIA，RONGYU500mL ZILAISHUIZHONG，MANMANJIARUGONGYELIUSUAN500mL（BIANJIABIANJIAOBAN）。

华夏棋牌（2）NONGYANSUAN（GONGYEYONG）：KEXIQUSHUIGOUHUOMOUXIEWUJIYANCHENDIAN。

（3）5％CAOSUANRONGYE：YONGSHUDILIUSUANSUANHUA，KEXIQUGAOMENGSUANJIADEHENJI。

（4）5％～10％LINSUANSANNA（Na3PO4·12H2O）RONGYE：KEXIDIYOUWUWU。

（5）30％XIAOSUANRONGYE：XIDICO2 CEDINGYIQIJIWEILIANGDIGUAN。

（6）5％～10％YIERANSIYISUANERNA（EDTA－Na2）RONGYE：JIAREZHUFEIKEXITUOBOLIYIQINEIBIDEBAISECHENDIANWU。

（7）NIAOSUXIDIYE：WEIDANBAIZHIDELIANGHAORONGJI，SHIYONGYUXIDISHENGDANBAIZHIZHIJIJIXUEYANGDERONGQI。

（8）JIUJINGYUNONGXIAOSUANHUNHEYE：ZUISHIHEYUXIJINGDIDINGGUAN，ZAIDIDINGGUANZHONGJIARU3mL JIUJING，RANHOUYANGUANBIMANMANJIARU4mL NONGXIAOSUAN（BIZHONG1.4），GAIZHUDIDINGGUANGUANKOU，LIYONGSUOCHANSHENGDEYANGHUADANXIJINGDIDINGGUAN。