在实验室中，经常与毒性很强、有腐蚀性、易燃烧和具有爆炸性的化学药品直接接触，常常使用易碎的玻璃和瓷质器皿以及在煤气、水、电等高温电热设备的环境下进行着紧张而细致的工作，因此，必须十分重视安全工作。
1．进入实验室开始工作前应了解煤气总阀门、水阀门及电闸所在处。离开实验室时，一定要将室内检查一遍，应将水、电、煤气的开关关好，门窗锁好。
2、SHIYONGMEIQIDENGSHI，YINGXIANJIANGHUOCHAIDIANRAN，YISHOUZHIHUOCHAIJINKAOJINDENGKOU，YISHOUMANKAIMEIQIMEN。BUNENGXIANKAIMEIQIMEN，HOURANHUOCHAI。DENGYANDAXIAOHEHUOLIQIANGRUO，YINGGENJUSHIYANDEXUYAOLAIDIAOJIE。YONGHUOSHI，YINGZUODAOHUOZHERENZAI，RENZOUHUOMIE。
3．SHIYONGDIANQISHEBEI（RUHONGXIANG、HENGWENSHUIYU、LIXINJI、DIANLUDENG）SHI，YANFANGCHUDIAN；JUEBUKEYONGSHISHOUHUOZAIYANJINGPANGSHISHIKAIGUANDIANZHAHEDIANQIKAIGUAN。YINGGAIYONGSHIDIANBIJIANCHADIANQISHEBEISHIFOULOUDIAN，FANSHILOUDIANDEYIQI，YILVBUNENGSHIYONG。
4．SHIYONGNONGSUAN、NONGJIAN，BIXUJIWEIXIAOXINDICAOZUO，FANGZHIJIANCHU。YONGYIYEGUANLIANGQUZHEIXIESHIJISHI，BIXUSHIYONGXIANGPIQIU，JUEDUIBUNENGYONGKOUXIQU。RUOBUSHENJIANZAISHIYANTAISHANGHUODIMIAN，BIXUJISHIYONGSHIMOBUCAXIGANJING。RUGUOCHUJIPIFUYINGLIJIZHILIAO。
5．SHIYONGKERANWU，TEBIESHIYIRANWU（RUYIMI、BINGTONG、YICHUN、BEN、JINSHUNADENG）SHI，YINGTEBIEXIAOXIN。BUYAODALIANGFANGZAIZHUOSHANG，GENGBUYAOZAIKAOJINHUOYANCHU。ZHIYOUZAIYUANLIHUOYUANSHI，HUOJIANGHUOYANXIMIEHOU，CAIKEDALIANGQINGDAOYIRANYETI。DIFEIDIANDEYOUJIRONGJIBUZHUNZAIHUOSHANGZHIJIEJIARE，ZHINENGZAISHUIYUSHANGLIYONGHUILIULENGNINGGUANJIAREHUOZHENGLIU。
6．RUGUOBUSHENQINGCHULEXIANGDANGLIANGDEYIRANYETI，ZEYINGANXIAFACHULI：
（1）LIJIGUANBISHINEISUOYOUDEHUOYUANHEDIANJIAREQI。
（2）GUANMEN，KAIQIXIAOCHUANGJICHUANGHU。
（3）YONGMAOJINHUOMOBUCASHISACHUDEYETI，BINGJIANGYETININGDAODADERONGQIZHONG，RANHOUZAIDAORUDAISAIDEBOLIPINGZHONG。
7．YONGYOUYUCAOZUOSHI，YINGXIAOXINJIARE，BUDUANYONGWENDUJICELIANG，BUYAOSHIWENDUCHAOGUOYOUDERANSHAOWENDU。
8．YIRANHEYIBAOZHAWUZHIDECANZHA（RUJINSHUNA、BAILIN、HUOCHAITOU）BUDEDAORUWUWUTONGHUOSHUICAOZHONG，YINGSHOUJIZAIZHIDINGDERONGQINEI。
9．FEIYE，TEBIESHIQIANGSUANHEQIANGJIANBUNENGZHIJIEDAOZAISHUICAOZHONG，YINGXIANXISHI，RANHOUDAORUSHUICAO，ZAIYONGDALIANGZILAISHUICHONGXISHUICAOJIXIASHUIDAO。
10．毒物应按实验室的规定办理审批手续后领取，使用时严格操作，用后妥善处理。
SHIYANZHONGYIDANFASHENGLEHUOZAIQIEBUKEJINGHUANGSHICUO，YINGBAOCHIZHENJING。SHOUXIANLIJIQIEDUANSHINEIYIQIEHUOYUANHEDIANYUAN。RANHOUGENJUJUTIQINGKUANGZHENGQUEDIJINXINGQIANGJIUHEMIEHUO。CHANGYONGDEFANGFAYOU：
1．ZAIKERANYETIRANZHESHI，YINGLIJINAKAIZHEHUOQUYUNEIDEYIQIEKERANWUZHI，GUANBITONGFENGQI，FANGZHIKUODARANSHAO。RUOZHEHUOMIANJIJIAOXIAO，KEYONGMOBU、SHIBU、TIEPIANHUOSHATUFUGAI，GEJUEKONGQISHIZHIXIMIE。DANFUGAISHIYAOQING，BIMIANPENGHUAIHUODAFANSHENGYOUYIRANRONGJIDEBOLIQIMIN，DAOZHIGENGDUODERONGJILIUCHUERZAIZHEHUO。
2．JIUJINGJITAKERONGYUSHUIDEYETIZHEHUOSHI，KEYONGSHUIMIEHUO。
3．QIYOU、YIMI、JIABENDENGYOUJIRONGJIZHEHUOSHI，YINGYONGSHIMIANBUHUOSHATUPUMIE。JUEDUIBUNENGYONGSHUI，FOUZEFANERHUIKUODARANSHAOMIANJI。
4．JINSHUNAZHEHUOSHI，KEBASHAZIDAOZAITADESHANGMIAN。
5．DAOXIANZHEHUOSHIBUNENGYONGSHUIJIERYANGHUATANMIEHUOQI，YINGQIEDUANDIANYUANHUOYONGSILVHUATANMIEHUOQI。
ZAISHIYANGUOCHENGZHONGBUSHENFASHENGSHOUSHANGSHIGU，YINGLIJICAIQUSHIDANGDEJIJIUCUOSHI。
1．SHOUBOLIGESHANGJIQITAJIXIESUNSHANG：SHOUXIANBIXUJIANCHASHANGKOUNEIYOUWUBOLIHUOJINSHUDENGWUSUIPIAN，RANHOUYONGPENGSUANSHUIXIJING，ZAICADIANJIUHUOZIYAOSHUI，BIYAOSHIYONGSHABUBAOZHA。RUOSHANGKOUJIAODAHUOGUOSHENERDALIANGCHUXUE，YINGXUNSUZAISHANGKOUSHANGBUHEXIABUZHAJINXUEGUANZHIXUE，LIJIDAOYIYUANZHENZHI。
2．TANGSHANG：YIBANYONGNONGDE（90％～95％）JIUJINGXIAODUHOU，TUSHANGKUWEISUANRUANGAO。RUGUOSHANGCHUHONGTONGHUOHONGZHONG（YIJIZHUOSHANG），KEYONGGANLANYOUHUOYONGMIANHUAZHANJIUJINGFUGAISHANGCHU；RUOPIFUQIPAO（ERJIZHUOSHANG），BUYAONONGPOSHUIPAO，FANGZHIGANRAN；GESHANGCHUPIFUCHENGZONGSEHUOHEISE（SANJIZHUOSHANG），YINGYONGGANZAOERWUJUNDEXIAODUSHABUQINGQINGBAOZHAHAO，JISONGYIYUANZHILIAO。
3．QIANGJIAN（RUQINGYANGHUANA，QINGYANGHUAJIA）、NA、JIADENGCHUJIPIFUERYINQIZHUOSHANGSHI，YAOXIANYONGDALIANGZI
LAISHUICHONGXI，ZAIYONG5％YISUANRONGYEHUO2％YISUANRONGYETUXI。
4．QIANGSUAN、XIUDENGCHUJIPIFUERZHIZHUOSHANGSHI，YINGLIJIYONGDALIANGZILAISHUICHONGXI，ZAIYI5％TANSUANQINGNARONGYEHUO5％QINGYANGHUAANRONGYEXIDI。
5．RUFENCHUJIPIFUYINQIZHUOSHANG，YINGGAIYONGDALIANGDESHUIQINGXI，BINGYONGFEIZAOHESHUIXIDI，JIYONGYICHUN。
6．RUOMEIQIZHONGDUSHI，YINGDAOSHIWAIHUXIXINXIANKONGQI，RUOYANZHONGSHIYINGLIJIDAOYIYUANZHENZHI。
7．SHUIYINRONGYIYOUHUXIDAOJINRURENTI，YEKEYIJINGPIFUZHIJIEXISHOUERYINQIJILEIXINGZHONGDU。YANZHONGZHONGDUDEZHENGXIANGSHIKOUZHONGYOUJINSHUQIWEI，HUCHUQITIYEYOUQIWEI；LIUTUOYE，YACHUANGJIZUICHUNSHANGYOULIUHUAGONGDEHEISE；LINBAXIANJITUOYEXIANZHONGDA。RUOBUSHENZHONGDUSHI，YINGSONGYIYUANJIJIU。JIXINGZHONGDUSHI，TONGCHANGYONGTANFENHUOOUTUJICHEDIXIWEI，HUOZHESHIRUDANBAI（RU1 SHENGNIUNAIJIA3 GEJIDANQING）HUOBIMAYOUJIEDUBINGSHIZHIOUTU。
8．CHUDIAN：CHUDIANSHIKEANXIASHUFANGFAZHIYIQIEDUANDIANLU：
（1）GUANBIDIANYUAN；
（2）YONGGANMUGUNSHIDAOXIANYUBEIHAIZHEFENKAI；
（3）SHIBEIHAIZHEHETUDIFENLI，JIJIUSHIJIJIUZHEBIXUZUOHAOFANGZHICHUDIANDEANQUANCUOSHI，SHOUHUOJIAOBIXUJUEYUAN。
（四）实验室常识
1． NUODONGGANJINGBOLIYIQISHI，WUSHISHOUZHIJIECHUYIQINEIBU。
2．LIANGPINGSHILIANGQI，BUYAOYONGLIANGPINGZUOSHENGQI。DAIYOUMOKOUBOLISAIDELIANGPINGDENGYIQIDESAIZI，BUYAOGAICUO。DAIBOLISAIDEYIQIHEBOLIPINGDENG，RUGUOZANSHIBUSHIYONG，YAOYONGZHITIAOBAPINGSAIHEPINGKOUGEKAI。
3．XIJINGDEYIQIYAOFANGZAIJIASHANGHUOGANJINGSHABUSHANGLIANGGAN，BUNENGYONGMOBUCASHI；GENGBUNENGYONGMOBUCASHIYIQINEIBI。
4．CHUWEISHENGWUSHIYANCAOZUOYAOQIUWAI，BUYAOYONGMIANHUADAITIXIANGPISAIHUOMUSAIDUPINGKOUHUOSHIGUANKOU。
5．BUYAOYONGZHIPIANFUGAISHAOBEIHEZHUIXINGPINGDENG。
6．BUYAOYONGLVZHICHENGLIANGYAOPIN，GENGBUNENGYONGLVZHIZUOJILU。
7．BUYAOYONGSHILAFENGBIJINGXIYAOPINDEPINGKOU，YIMIANCHANHUN。
8．BIAOQIANZHIDEDAXIAOYINGYURONGQIXIANGCHENG，HUOYONGDAXIAOXIANGDANGDEBAIZHI，JUEDUIBUNENGYONGLVZHI。BIAOQIANSHANGYAOXIEMINGWUZHIDEMINGCHENG、GUIGEHENONGDU、PEIZHIDERIQIJIPEIZHIREN。BIAOQIANYINGTIEZAISHIJIPINGHUOSHAOBEIDE2／3CHU，SHIGUANDENGXIZHANGXINGRONGQIZETIEZAISHANGBU。
9．SHIYONGQIANBIXIEBIAOJISHI，YAOZAIBOLIYIQIDEMOSHABOLICHU。RUYONGBOLILABIHUOSHUIBURONGXINGYOUQIBI，ZEXIEZAIBOLIRONGQIDEGUANGHUAMIANSHANG。
10．QUYONGSHIJIHEBIAOZHUNRONGYEHOU，XULIJIJIANGPINGSAIYAN，FANGHUIYUANCHU。QUCHUDESHIJIHEBIAOZHUNRONGYE，RUWEIYONGJIN，QIEWUDAOHUIPINGNEI，YIMIANDAIRUZAZHI。
11．FANSHIFASHENGYANWU、YOUDUQITIHEYOUCHOUWEIQITIDESHIYAN，JUNYINGZAITONGFENGCHUNEIJINXING。CHUMENYINGJINBI，FEIBIYAOSHIBUNENGDAKAI
（WU）BOLIYIQIDEXIDIJIGEZHONGXIYEDEPEIZHIFA
SHIYANZHONGSUOSHIYONGDEBOLIYIQIQINGJIEYUFOU，ZHIJIEYINGXIANGSHIYANJIEGUO，WANGWANGYOUYUYIQIDEBUQINGJIEHUOBEIWURANERZAOCHENGJIAODADESHIYANWUCHA，SHENZHIHUICHUXIANXIANGFANDESHIYANJIEGUO。YINCI，BOLIYIQIDEXIDIQINGJIEGONGZUOSHIFEICHANGZHONGYAODE。
1．CHUYONGBOLIYIQIDEQINGXI
XINGOUMAIDEBOLIYIQIBIAOMIANCHANGFUZHEYOUYOULIDEJIANXINGWUZHI，KEXIANYONGXIDILINGXISHIYE、FEIZAOSHUIHUOQUWUFENDENGXISHUAZAIYONGZILAISHUIXIJING，RANHOUJINPAOZAI1％～2％YANSUANRONGYEZHONGGUOYE（BUSHAOYU4 XIAOSHI），ZAIYONGZILAISHUICHONGXI，ZUIHOUYONGZHENGLIUSHUICHONGXI2～3 CI，ZAI80～100℃HONGXIANGNEIKAOGANBEIYONG。
2．SHIYONGGUODEBOLIYIQIDEQINGXI
（1）YIBANBOLIYIQI：RUSHIGUAN、SHAOBEI、ZHUIXINGPINGDENG（BAOKUOLIANGTONG），XIANYONGZILAISHUIXISHUAZHIWUWUWU；ZAIXUANYONGDAXIAOHESHIDEMAOSHUAZHANQUXIDILINGXISHIYEHUOJINRUXIDILINGXISHIYENEI，JIANGQIMINNEIWAI（TEBIESHINEIBI）XIXINSHUAXI，YONGZILAISHUICHONGXIGANJINGHOU，ZHENGLIUSHUICHONGXI2～3 CI，KAOGANHUODAOZHIZAIQINGJIECHU，GANHOUBEIYONG。FANXIJINGDEBOLIQIMIN，BUYINGZAIQIBISHANGDAIYOUSHUIZHU，FOUZEBIAOSHISHANGWEIXIGANJING，YINGZAIANSHANGSHUFANGFAZHONGXINXIDI。RUOFAXIANNEIBIYOUNANYIQUDIAODEWUJI，YINGFENBIESHIYONGXIASHUGEZHONGXIDIJIYUYIQINGCHU，ZAIZHONGXINCHONGXI。
（2）LIANGQI：RUYIYEGUAN、DIDINGGUAN、LIANGPINGDENG。SHIYONGHOUYINGLIJIJINPAOYULIANGSHUIZHONG，WUSHIWUZHIGANHE。GONGZUOWANBIHOUYONGLIUSHUICHONGXI，QUFUZHEDESHIJI、DANBAIZHIDENGWUZHI，LIANGGANHOUJINPAOZAIGESUANXIYEZHONG4～6 XIAOSHI（HUOGUOYE），ZAIYONGZILAISHUICHONGFENCHONGXI、ZUIHOUYONGSHUICHONGXI2～4 CI，FENGGANBEIYONG。
（3）QITA：JUYOUCHUANRANXINGYANGPINDERONGQI，RUBINGDU、CHUANRANBINGHUANZHEDEXUEQINGDENGZHANWUGUODERONGQI，
YINGXIANJINXINGGAOYA（HUOQITAFANGFA）XIAODUHOUZAIJINXINGQINGXI。SHENGGUOGEZHONGYOUDUYAOPIN，TEBIESHIJUDUYAOPINHEFANGSHEXINGTONGWEISUDENGWUZHIDERONGQI，BIXUJINGGUOZHUANMENCHULI，QUEZHIMEIYOUCANYUDUWUCUNZAIFANGKEJINXINGQINGXI。
3．XIDIYEDEZHONGLEIHEPEIZHIFANGFA
（1）GESUANXIYE（ZHONGGESUANJIA-LIUSUANXIYE，JIANCHENGWEIXIYE）GUANGFANYONGYUBOLIYIQIDEXIDI。CHANGYONGDEPEIZHIFANGFAYOUXIASHUSIZHONG：
① QU100mL GONGYENONGLIUSUANZHIYUSHAOBEINEI，XIAOXINJIARE，RANHOUXIAOXINMANMANJIARU5g ZHONGGESUANJIAFENMO，BIANJIABIANJIAOBAN，DAIQUANBURONGJIEHOULENGQUE，ZHUYUJUBOLISAIDEXIKOUPINGNEI。
② CHENGQU5g ZHONGGESUANJIAFENMOZHIYU250mL SHAOBEIZHONG，JIASHUI5mL，JINLIANGSHIQIRONGJIE。MANMANJIARUNONGLIUSUAN100mL，SUIJIASUIJIAOBAN。LENGQUEHOUZHUCUNBEIYONG。
③ CHENGQU80g ZHONGGESUANJIA，RONGYU1000mL ZILAISHUIZHONG，MANMANJIARUGONGYELIUSUAN100mL（BIANJIABIANYONGBOLIBANGJIAODONG）。
④ CHENGQU200g ZHONGGESUANJIA，RONGYU500mL ZILAISHUIZHONG，MANMANJIARUGONGYELIUSUAN500mL（BIANJIABIANJIAOBAN）。
（2）NONGYANSUAN（GONGYEYONG）：KEXIQUSHUIGOUHUOMOUXIEWUJIYANCHENDIAN。
（3）5％CAOSUANRONGYE：YONGSHUDILIUSUANSUANHUA，KEXIQUGAOMENGSUANJIADEHENJI。
（4）5％～10％LINSUANSANNA（Na3PO4·12H2O）RONGYE：KEXIDIYOUWUWU。
（5）30％XIAOSUANRONGYE：XIDICO2 CEDINGYIQIJIWEILIANGDIGUAN。
（6）5％～10％YIERANSIYISUANERNA（EDTA－Na2）RONGYE：JIAREZHUFEIKEXITUOBOLIYIQINEIBIDEBAISECHENDIANWU。
（7）NIAOSUXIDIYE：WEIDANBAIZHIDELIANGHAORONGJI，SHIYONGYUXIDISHENGDANBAIZHIZHIJIJIXUEYANGDERONGQI。
（8）JIUJINGYUNONGXIAOSUANHUNHEYE：ZUISHIHEYUXIJINGDIDINGGUAN，ZAIDIDINGGUANZHONGJIARU3mL JIUJING，RANHOUYANGUANBIMANMANJIARU4mL NONGXIAOSUAN（BIZHONG1.4），GAIZHUDIDINGGUANGUANKOU，LIYONGSUOCHANSHENGDEYANGHUADANXIJINGDIDINGGUAN。
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